/*  Part of SWI-Prolog

    Author:        Jan Wielemaker
    E-mail:        J.Wielemaker@vu.nl
    WWW:           http://www.swi-prolog.org
    Copyright (c)  2011-2022, University of Amsterdam
			      VU University Amsterdam
			      SWI-Prolog Solutions b.v.
    All rights reserved.

    Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
    modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
    are met:

    1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.

    2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
       the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
       distribution.

    THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
    "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
    LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS
    FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
    COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
    INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING,
    BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
    LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER
    CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
    LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN
    ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
    POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*/

/* - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Formatted output (Prolog predicates format/[1,2,3]).   One  day,  the  C
source should also use format() to produce error messages, etc.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - */

#include "pl-fmt.h"
#include "pl-ctype.h"
#include "pl-utf8.h"
#include "../pl-arith.h"
#include "../pl-proc.h"
#include "../pl-fli.h"
#include "../pl-prims.h"
#include "../pl-write.h"
#include "../pl-pro.h"
#include <ctype.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <fenv.h>

typedef foreign_t (*Func1)(term_t a1);

static char *	formatInteger(PL_locale *locale, int div, int radix,
			     bool smll, Number n, Buffer out);
static char *	formatFloat(PL_locale *locale, int how, int arg,
			    Number f, Buffer out);

#define MAXRUBBER 100

struct rubber
{ size_t where;				/* where is rubber in output */
  size_t size;				/* how big should it be */
  pl_wchar_t pad;			/* padding character */
};

typedef struct
{ IOSTREAM *out;			/* our output stream */
  int column;				/* current column */
  tmp_buffer buffer;			/* bin for characters with tabs */
  size_t buffered;			/* characters in buffer */
  int pending_rubber;			/* number of not-filled ~t's */
  struct rubber rub[MAXRUBBER];
} format_state;

#define BUFSIZE		1024
#define DEFAULT		(-1)
#define SHIFT		{ argc--; argv++; }
#define NEED_ARG	{ if ( argc <= 0 ) \
			  { FMT_ERROR("not enough arguments"); \
			  } \
			}
#define FMT_ERROR(fmt)	return PL_error(NULL, 0, NULL, ERR_FORMAT, fmt)
#define FMT_ARG(c, a)	return PL_error(NULL, 0, NULL, ERR_FORMAT_ARG, c, a)
#define FMT_EXEPTION()	return FALSE


static PL_locale prolog_locale =
{ 0,0,LOCALE_MAGIC,1,
  L".", NULL
};


static int
update_column(int col, int c)
{ switch(c)
  { case '\n':	return 0;
    case '\r':  return 0;
    case '\t':	return (col + 1) | 0x7;
    case '\b':	return (col <= 0 ? 0 : col - 1);
    default:	return col + 1;
  }
}


/* - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Low-level output. If there is pending  rubber   the  output is stored in
UTF-8 format in the state's `buffer'.   The  `buffered' field represents
the number of UTF-8 characters in the buffer.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - */

static WUNUSED int
outchr(format_state *state, int chr)
{ if ( state->pending_rubber )
  { if ( chr > 0x7f )
    { char buf[8];
      char *s, *e;

      e = utf8_put_char(buf, chr);
      for(s=buf; s<e; s++)
	addBuffer((Buffer)&state->buffer, *s, char);
    } else
    { char c = chr;

      addBuffer((Buffer)&state->buffer, c, char);
    }

    state->buffered++;
  } else
  { if ( Sputcode(chr, state->out) < 0 )
      return FALSE;
  }

  state->column = update_column(state->column, chr);

  return TRUE;
}


/* - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Emit ASCII 0-terminated strings resulting from sprintf() on numeric
arguments.  No fuzz with wide characters here.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - */

static WUNUSED int
outstring(format_state *state, const char *s, size_t len)
{ const char *q;
  const char *e = &s[len];

  if ( state->pending_rubber )
  { addMultipleBuffer(&state->buffer, s, len, char);
    state->buffered += len;
  } else
  { for(q=s; q < e; q++)
    { if ( Sputcode(*q&0xff, state->out) < 0 )
	return FALSE;
    }
  }

  for(q=s; q < e; q++)
    state->column = update_column(state->column, *q&0xff);

  return TRUE;
}


static WUNUSED int
oututf8(format_state *state, const char *s, size_t len)
{ const char *e = &s[len];

  while(s<e)
  { int chr;

    PL_utf8_code_point(&s, e, &chr);
    if ( !outchr(state, chr) )
      return FALSE;
  }

  return TRUE;
}


static WUNUSED int
oututf80(format_state *state, const char *s)
{ return oututf8(state, s, strlen(s));
}


static WUNUSED int
outtext(format_state *state, PL_chars_t *txt)
{ switch(txt->encoding)
  { case ENC_ISO_LATIN_1:
      return outstring(state, txt->text.t, txt->length);
    case ENC_WCHAR:
    { const pl_wchar_t *s = txt->text.w;
      const pl_wchar_t *e = &s[txt->length];

      while(s<e)
      { int c;

	s = get_wchar(s, &c);
	if ( !outchr(state, c) )
	  return FALSE;
      }

      return TRUE;
    }
    default:
    { assert(0);
      return FALSE;
    }
  }
}


#define format_predicates (GD->format.predicates)

static int	update_column(int, Char);
static bool	do_format(IOSTREAM *fd, PL_chars_t *fmt,
			  int ac, term_t av, Module m);
static void	distribute_rubber(struct rubber *, int, int);
static WUNUSED int emit_rubber(format_state *state);


		/********************************
		*       PROLOG CONNECTION	*
		********************************/

word
pl_format_predicate(term_t chr, term_t descr)
{ int c;
  predicate_t proc = NULL;
  size_t arity;

  if ( !PL_get_char_ex(chr, &c, FALSE) )
    fail;

  if ( !get_procedure(descr, &proc, 0, GP_CREATE) )
    fail;
  PL_predicate_info(proc, NULL, &arity, NULL);
  if ( arity == 0 )
    return PL_error(NULL, 0, "arity must be > 0", ERR_DOMAIN,
		    PL_new_atom("format_predicate"),
		    descr);

  if ( !format_predicates )
    format_predicates = newHTable(8);

  updateHTable(format_predicates, (void *)(intptr_t)c, proc);

  succeed;
}


word
pl_current_format_predicate(term_t chr, term_t descr, control_t h)
{ GET_LD
  intptr_t name;
  predicate_t pred;
  TableEnum e;
  fid_t fid;

  switch( ForeignControl(h) )
  { case FRG_FIRST_CALL:
      if ( !format_predicates )
	fail;
      e = newTableEnum(format_predicates);
      break;
    case FRG_REDO:
      e = ForeignContextPtr(h);
      break;
    case FRG_CUTTED:
      e = ForeignContextPtr(h);
      freeTableEnum(e);
    default:
      succeed;
  }

  if ( !(fid = PL_open_foreign_frame()) )
  { freeTableEnum(e);
    return FALSE;
  }
  while( advanceTableEnum(e, (void**)&name, (void**)&pred) )
  { if ( PL_unify_integer(chr, name) &&
	 PL_unify_predicate(descr, pred, 0) )
    { PL_close_foreign_frame(fid);
      ForeignRedoPtr(e);
    }

    PL_rewind_foreign_frame(fid);
  }

  PL_close_foreign_frame(fid);
  freeTableEnum(e);
  fail;
}


static word
format_impl(IOSTREAM *out, term_t format, term_t Args, Module m)
{ GET_LD
  term_t argv;
  int argc = 0;
  term_t args = PL_copy_term_ref(Args);
  int rval;
  PL_chars_t fmt;

  if ( !PL_get_text(format, &fmt, CVT_ATOM|CVT_STRING|CVT_LIST|BUF_STACK) )
    return PL_error("format", 3, NULL, ERR_TYPE, ATOM_text, format);

  if ( (argc = (int)lengthList(args, FALSE)) >= 0 )
  { term_t head = PL_new_term_ref();
    int n = 0;

    argv = PL_new_term_refs(argc);
    while( PL_get_list(args, head, args) )
      PL_put_term(argv+n++, head);
  } else
  { argc = 1;
    argv = PL_new_term_refs(argc);

    PL_put_term(argv, args);
  }

  switch(fmt.storage)			/* format can do call-back! */
  { case PL_CHARS_RING:
    case PL_CHARS_STACK:
      PL_save_text(&fmt, BUF_MALLOC);
      break;
    default:
      break;
  }

  Slock(out);
  rval = do_format(out, &fmt, argc, argv, m);
  Sunlock(out);
  PL_free_text(&fmt);

  return rval;
}


word
pl_format3(term_t out, term_t format, term_t args)
{ GET_LD
  redir_context ctx;
  word rc;
  Module m = NULL;
  term_t list = PL_new_term_ref();

  if ( !PL_strip_module(args, &m, list) )
    return FALSE;

  if ( (rc=setupOutputRedirect(out, &ctx, FALSE)) )
  { if ( (rc = format_impl(ctx.stream, format, list, m)) )
      rc = closeOutputRedirect(&ctx);
    else
      discardOutputRedirect(&ctx);
  }

  return rc;
}


word
pl_format(term_t fmt, term_t args)
{ return pl_format3(0, fmt, args);
}


static inline int
get_chr_from_text(const PL_chars_t *t, int index)
{ switch(t->encoding)
  { case ENC_ISO_LATIN_1:
      return t->text.t[index]&0xff;
    case ENC_WCHAR:
      return t->text.w[index];
    default:
      assert(0);
      return 0;				/* not reached */
  }
}


typedef struct sub_state
{ char          buf[BUFSIZE];
  char         *str;
  size_t        bufsize;
  format_state *fstate;
  IOSTREAM     *old_stream;
} sub_state;

static int
prepare_sub_format(sub_state *state, format_state *fstate, IOSTREAM *fd)
{ state->fstate = fstate;

  if ( !fstate->pending_rubber &&
       fd->position &&
       fd->position->linepos == fstate->column )
  { state->old_stream = Scurout;

    Scurout = fd;
  } else
  { state->old_stream = NULL;
    state->str        = state->buf;
    state->bufsize    = sizeof(state->buf);

    tellString(&state->str, &state->bufsize, ENC_UTF8);
    if ( true(fd, SIO_ISATTY) )
      set(Scurout, SIO_ISATTY);
  }

  return TRUE;
}

static int
end_sub_format(sub_state *state, int rc)
{ int lp = Scurout->position->linepos;

  if ( state->old_stream )
  { Scurout = state->old_stream;

    if ( rc )
      state->fstate->column = lp;
  } else
  { int lp = Scurout->position->linepos;

    toldString();
    if ( rc )
    { int c0 = state->fstate->column;
      rc = oututf8(state->fstate, state->str, state->bufsize);
      state->fstate->column = c0 + lp;
    }
    if ( state->str != state->buf )
      free(state->str);
  }

  return rc;
}





		/********************************
		*       ACTUAL FORMATTING	*
		********************************/

static bool
do_format(IOSTREAM *fd, PL_chars_t *fmt, int argc, term_t argv, Module m)
{ GET_LD
  format_state state;			/* complete state */
  int tab_stop = 0;			/* padded tab stop */
  unsigned int here = 0;
  int rc = TRUE;

  state.out = fd;
  state.pending_rubber = 0;
  initBuffer(&state.buffer);
  state.buffered = 0;

  if ( fd->position )
    state.column = fd->position->linepos;
  else
    state.column = 0;

  while(here < fmt->length)
  { int c = get_chr_from_text(fmt, here);

    switch(c)
    { case '~':
	{ int arg = DEFAULT;		/* Numeric argument */
	  int mod_colon = FALSE;	/* Used colon modifier */
	  predicate_t proc;
					/* Get the numeric argument */
	  c = get_chr_from_text(fmt, ++here);

	  if ( isDigitW(c) )
	  { arg = c - '0';

	    here++;
	    while(here < fmt->length)
	    { c = get_chr_from_text(fmt, here);

	      if ( isDigitW(c) )
	      { int dw = c - '0';
		int arg2 = arg*10 + dw;

		if ( (arg2 - dw)/10 != arg )	/* see mul64() in pl-arith.c */
		{ FMT_ERROR("argument overflow");
		}
		arg = arg2;
		here++;
	      } else
		break;
	    }
	  } else if ( c == '*' )
	  { NEED_ARG;
	    if ( PL_get_integer(argv, &arg) && arg >= 0 )
	    { SHIFT;
	    } else
	      FMT_ERROR("no or negative integer for `*' argument");
	    c = get_chr_from_text(fmt, ++here);
	  } else if ( c == '`' && here < fmt->length )
	  { arg = get_chr_from_text(fmt, ++here);
	    c = get_chr_from_text(fmt, ++here);
	  }

	  if ( c == ':' )
	  { mod_colon = TRUE;
	    c = get_chr_from_text(fmt, ++here);
	  }

					/* Check for user defined format */
	  if ( format_predicates &&
	       (proc = lookupHTable(format_predicates, (void*)((intptr_t)c))) )
	  { size_t arity;
	    term_t av;
	    sub_state sstate;
	    int i;

	    PL_predicate_info(proc, NULL, &arity, NULL);
	    av = PL_new_term_refs((int)arity);

	    if ( arg == DEFAULT )
	      PL_put_atom(av+0, ATOM_default);
	    else
	      PL_put_integer(av+0, arg);

	    for(i=1; i < arity; i++)
	    { NEED_ARG;
	      PL_put_term(av+i, argv);
	      SHIFT;
	    }

	    if ( !(rc=prepare_sub_format(&sstate, &state, fd)) )
	      goto out;
	    rc = PL_call_predicate(NULL, PL_Q_PASS_EXCEPTION, proc, av);
	    rc = end_sub_format(&sstate, rc);

	    if ( !rc )
	      goto out;

	    here++;
	  } else
	  { switch(c)			/* Build in formatting */
	    { case 'a':			/* atomic */
		{ PL_chars_t txt;

		  NEED_ARG;
		  if ( !PL_get_text(argv, &txt, CVT_ATOMIC) )
		    FMT_ARG("a", argv);
		  SHIFT;
		  rc = outtext(&state, &txt);
		  if ( !rc )
		    goto out;
		  here++;
		  break;
		}
	      case 'c':			/* ~c: character code */
		{ int chr;

		  NEED_ARG;
		  if ( PL_get_integer(argv, &chr) && chr >= 0 )
		  { int times = (arg == DEFAULT ? 1 : arg);

		    SHIFT;
		    while(times-- > 0)
		    { rc = outchr(&state, chr);
		      if ( !rc )
			goto out;
		    }
		  } else
		    FMT_ARG("c", argv);
		  here++;
		  break;
		}
	      case 'e':			/* exponential float */
	      case 'E':			/* Exponential float */
	      case 'f':			/* float */
	      case 'g':			/* shortest of 'f' and 'e' */
	      case 'G':			/* shortest of 'f' and 'E' */
		{ AR_CTX
		  number n;
		  union {
		  tmp_buffer b;
		    buffer b1;
		  } u;
		  PL_locale *l;

		  NEED_ARG;
		  AR_BEGIN();
		  if ( !valueExpression(argv, &n) )
		  { char f[2];

		    f[0] = c;
		    f[1] = EOS;
		    AR_CLEANUP();
		    FMT_ARG(f, argv); /* returns error */
		  }
		  SHIFT;

		  if ( c == 'f' && mod_colon )
		    l = fd->locale;
		  else
		    l = &prolog_locale;

		  initBuffer(&u.b);
		  rc = formatFloat(l, c, arg, &n, &u.b1) != NULL;
		  clearNumber(&n);
		  AR_END();
		  if ( rc )
		    rc = oututf80(&state, baseBuffer(&u.b, char));
		  discardBuffer(&u.b);
		  if ( !rc )
		    goto out;
		  here++;
		  break;
		}
	      case 'd':			/* integer */
	      case 'D':			/* grouped integer */
	      case 'r':			/* radix number */
	      case 'R':			/* Radix number */
	      case 'I':			/* Prolog 1_000_000 */
		{ AR_CTX
		  number i;
		  tmp_buffer b;

		  NEED_ARG;
		  AR_BEGIN();
		  if ( !valueExpression(argv, &i) ||
		       !toIntegerNumber(&i, 0) )
		  { char f[2];

		    f[0] = c;
		    f[1] = EOS;
		    AR_CLEANUP();
		    FMT_ARG(f, argv);
		  }
		  SHIFT;
		  initBuffer(&b);
		  if ( c == 'd' || c == 'D' )
		  { PL_locale ltmp;
		    PL_locale *l;
		    static char grouping[] = {3,0};

		    if ( c == 'D' )
		    { ltmp.thousands_sep = L",";
		      ltmp.decimal_point = L".";
		      ltmp.grouping = grouping;
		      l = &ltmp;
		    } else if ( mod_colon )
		    { l = fd->locale;
		    } else
		    { l = NULL;
		    }

		    if ( arg == DEFAULT )
		      arg = 0;
		    if ( !formatInteger(l, arg, 10, TRUE, &i, (Buffer)&b) )
		      FMT_EXEPTION();
		  } else if ( c == 'I' )
		  { PL_locale ltmp;
		    char grouping[2];

		    grouping[0] = (arg == DEFAULT ? 3 : arg);
		    grouping[1] = '\0';
		    ltmp.thousands_sep = L"_";
		    ltmp.grouping = grouping;

		    if ( !formatInteger(&ltmp, 0, 10, TRUE, &i, (Buffer)&b) )
		      FMT_EXEPTION();
		  } else			/* r,R */
		  { if ( arg == DEFAULT )
		      arg = 8;
		    if ( arg < 2 || arg > 36 )
		    { term_t r = PL_new_term_ref();

		      PL_put_integer(r, arg);
		      return PL_error(NULL, 0, NULL, ERR_DOMAIN,
				      ATOM_radix, r);
		    }
		    if ( !formatInteger(NULL, 0, arg, c == 'r', &i, (Buffer)&b) )
		      FMT_EXEPTION();
		  }
		  clearNumber(&i);
		  AR_END();
		  rc = oututf80(&state, baseBuffer(&b, char));
		  discardBuffer(&b);
		  if ( !rc )
		    goto out;
		  here++;
		  break;
		}
	      case 's':			/* string */
		{ PL_chars_t txt;

		  NEED_ARG;
		  if ( !PL_get_text(argv, &txt, CVT_ATOM|CVT_LIST|CVT_STRING) )
		    FMT_ARG("s", argv);
		  if ( arg != DEFAULT )
		  { if ( arg < 0 )
		      arg = 0;
		    if ( arg < txt.length )
		      txt.length = arg;
		  }
		  rc = outtext(&state, &txt);
		  PL_free_text(&txt);
		  SHIFT;
		  if ( !rc )
		    goto out;
		  here++;
		  break;
		}
	      case 'i':			/* ignore */
		{ NEED_ARG;
		  SHIFT;
		  here++;
		  break;
		}
		{ Func1 f;
		  sub_state sstate;

	      case 'k':			/* write_canonical */
		  f = pl_write_canonical;
		  goto pl_common;
	      case 'p':			/* print */
		  f = pl_print;
		  goto pl_common;
	      case 'q':			/* writeq */
		  f = pl_writeq;
		  goto pl_common;
	      case 'w':			/* write */
		  f = pl_write;
		  pl_common:

		  NEED_ARG;

		  if ( !(rc=prepare_sub_format(&sstate, &state, fd)) )
		    goto out;
		  rc = (int)(*f)(argv);
		  rc = end_sub_format(&sstate, rc);

		  if ( !rc )
		   goto out;

		  SHIFT;
		  here++;
		  break;
		}
	      case 'W':			/* write_term(Value, Options) */
	       { sub_state sstate;

		 if ( argc < 2 )
		 { FMT_ERROR("not enough arguments");
		 }

		 if ( !(rc=prepare_sub_format(&sstate, &state, fd)) )
		   goto out;
		 rc = (int)pl_write_term(argv, argv+1);
		 rc = end_sub_format(&sstate, rc);

		 if ( !rc )
		   goto out;

		 SHIFT;
		 SHIFT;
		 here++;
		 break;
	       }
	      case '@':
		{ term_t ex = 0;
		  sub_state sstate;
		  fid_t fid;

		  if ( argc < 1 )
		  { FMT_ERROR("not enough arguments");
		  }

		  if ( !(rc=prepare_sub_format(&sstate, &state, fd)) )
		    goto out;

		  rc = ( (fid=PL_open_foreign_frame()) &&
			 callProlog(m, argv, PL_Q_CATCH_EXCEPTION, &ex) );
		  if ( rc )
		    PL_rewind_foreign_frame(fid);
		  rc = end_sub_format(&sstate, rc);

		  if ( !rc )
		  { if ( ex && !PL_exception(0) )
		      rc = PL_raise_exception(ex);
		    goto out;
		  }

		  SHIFT;
		  here++;
		  break;
		}
	      case '~':			/* ~ */
		{ rc = outchr(&state, '~');
		  if ( !rc )
		    goto out;
		  here++;
		  break;
		}
	      case 'n':			/* \n */
	      case 'N':			/* \n if not on newline */
		{ if ( arg == DEFAULT )
		    arg = 1;
		  if ( c == 'N' && state.column == 0 )
		    arg--;
		  while( arg-- > 0 )
		  { rc = outchr(&state, '\n');
		    if ( !rc )
		      goto out;
		  }
		  here++;
		  break;
		}
	      case 't':			/* insert tab */
		{ if ( state.pending_rubber >= MAXRUBBER )
		    FMT_ERROR("Too many tab stops");

		  state.rub[state.pending_rubber].where = state.buffered;
		  state.rub[state.pending_rubber].pad   =
					(arg == DEFAULT ? (pl_wchar_t)' '
							: (pl_wchar_t)arg);
		  state.rub[state.pending_rubber].size = 0;
		  state.pending_rubber++;
		  here++;
		  break;
		}
	      case '|':			/* set tab */
		{ int stop;
		  int nl_and_reindent;

		  if ( arg == DEFAULT )
		    arg = state.column;
		  /*FALLTHROUGH*/
	      case '+':			/* tab relative */
		  if ( arg == DEFAULT )
		    arg = 8;
		  stop = (c == '+' ? tab_stop + arg : arg);

		  if ( stop < state.column && mod_colon )
		    nl_and_reindent = state.pending_rubber ?
						state.rub[state.pending_rubber-1].pad : ' ';
		  else
		    nl_and_reindent = 0;

		  if ( state.pending_rubber == 0 ) /* nothing to distribute */
		  { state.rub[0].where = state.buffered;
		    state.rub[0].pad = ' ';
		    state.pending_rubber++;
		  }
		  distribute_rubber(state.rub,
				    state.pending_rubber,
				    stop - state.column);
		  if ( !(rc=emit_rubber(&state)) )
		    goto out;

		  if ( nl_and_reindent )
		  { if ( Sputcode('\n', state.out) < 0 )
		    { rc = FALSE;
		      goto out;
		    }
		    state.column = update_column(state.column, '\n');

		    state.rub[0].where = state.buffered;
		    state.rub[0].pad = nl_and_reindent;
		    state.pending_rubber++;

		    distribute_rubber(state.rub,
				      state.pending_rubber,
				      stop - state.column);
		    if ( !(rc=emit_rubber(&state)) )
		      goto out;
		  }

		  state.column = tab_stop = stop;
		  here++;
		  break;
		}
	      default:
	      { term_t ex = PL_new_term_ref();

		PL_put_atom(ex, codeToAtom(c));
		return PL_error("format", 2, NULL, ERR_EXISTENCE,
				PL_new_atom("format_character"),
				ex);
	      }
	    }
	  }
	  break;			/* the '~' switch */
	}
      default:
	{ rc = outchr(&state, c);
	  if ( !rc )
	    goto out;
	  here++;
	  break;
	}
    }
  }

  if ( state.pending_rubber )		/* not closed ~t: flush out */
  { if ( !(rc=emit_rubber(&state)) )
      goto out;
  }
  if ( argc != 0 )
    FMT_ERROR("too many arguments");

out:
  return rc;
}


static void
distribute_rubber(struct rubber *r, int rn, int space)
{ if ( space > 0 )
  { int s = space / rn;
    int n, m;

    for(n=0; n < rn; n++)		/* give them equal size */
      r[n].size = s;
					/* distribute from the center */
    space -= s*rn;
    for(m = rn / 2, n = 0; space; n++, space--)
    { r[m + (n % 2 ? n : -n)].size++;
    }
  } else
  { int n;

    for(n=0; n < rn; n++)		/* set all rubber to 0 */
      r[n].size = 0;
  }
}


static WUNUSED int
emit_rubber(format_state *state)
{ const char *s = baseBuffer(&state->buffer, char);
  const char *e = &s[entriesBuffer(&state->buffer, char)];
  struct rubber *r = state->rub;
  int rn = state->pending_rubber;
  size_t j;

  for(j = 0; s <= e; j++)
  { int chr;

    while ( rn && r->where == j )
    { size_t n;

      for(n=0; n<r->size; n++)
      { if ( Sputcode(r->pad, state->out) < 0 )
	  return FALSE;
      }
      r++;
      rn--;
    }

    if ( s < e )
    { PL_utf8_code_point(&s, e, &chr);
      if ( Sputcode(chr, state->out) < 0 )
	return FALSE;
    } else
      break;
  }

  discardBuffer(&state->buffer);
  initBuffer(&state->buffer);
  state->buffered = 0;
  state->pending_rubber = 0;

  return TRUE;
}


/*  format an integer according to  a  number  of  modifiers  at various
    radius.   `split'  is a boolean asking to put ',' between each group
    of three digits (e.g. 67,567,288).  `div' askes to divide the number
    by radix^`div' before printing.   `radix'  is  the  radix  used  for
    conversion.  `n' is the number to be converted.

 ** Fri Aug 19 22:26:41 1988  jan@swivax.UUCP (Jan Wielemaker)  */

static void
lappend(const wchar_t *l, int def, Buffer out)
{ if ( l )
  { const wchar_t *e = l+wcslen(l);

    while (--e >= l)
    { int c = *e;

      if ( c < 128 )
      { addBuffer(out, c, char);
      } else
      { char buf[6];
	char *e8, *s;

	e8=utf8_put_char(buf, c);
	for(s=e8; --s>=buf; )		/* must be reversed as we reverse */
	{ addBuffer(out, *s, char);	/* in the end */
	}
      }
    }
  } else
  { addBuffer(out, def, char);
  }
}

static void
revert_string(char *s, size_t len)
{ char *e = &s[len-1];

  for(; e>s; s++,e--)
  { int c = *e;

    *e = *s;
    *s = c;
  }
}

static char *
formatInteger(PL_locale *locale, int div, int radix, bool smll, Number i,
	     Buffer out)
{ const char *grouping = NULL;

  if ( !locale )
  { locale = &prolog_locale;
  } else
  { if ( locale->grouping && locale->grouping[0] &&
	 locale->thousands_sep && locale->thousands_sep[0] )
      grouping = locale->grouping;
  }

  switch(i->type)
  { case V_INTEGER:
    { int64_t n = i->value.i;

      if ( n == 0 && div == 0 )
      { addBuffer(out, '0', char);
      } else
      { int before = FALSE;			/* before decimal point */
	int negative = FALSE;
	int gsize = 0;
	int dweight;

	negative = (n < 0);

	while( n != 0 || div >= 0 )
	{ if ( div-- == 0 && !before )
	  { if ( !isEmptyBuffer(out) )
	      lappend(locale->decimal_point, '.', out);
	    before = TRUE;
	    if ( grouping )
	      gsize = grouping[0];
	  }

	  if ( !negative )
	    dweight = (int)(n % radix);
	  else
	    dweight = -(int)(n % -radix);

	  addBuffer(out, digitName(dweight, smll), char);
	  n /= radix;

	  if ( --gsize == 0 && n != 0 )
	  { lappend(locale->thousands_sep, ',', out);
	    if ( grouping[1] == 0 )
	      gsize = grouping[0];
	    else if ( grouping[1] == CHAR_MAX )
	      gsize = 0;
	    else
	      gsize = *++grouping;
	  }
	}
	if ( negative )
	  addBuffer(out, '-', char);
      }

      revert_string(baseBuffer(out, char), entriesBuffer(out, char));
      addBuffer(out, EOS, char);

      return baseBuffer(out, char);
    }
#ifdef O_BIGNUM
    case V_MPZ:
    { GET_LD
      size_t len = (double)mpz_sizeinbase(i->value.mpz, 2) * log(radix)/log(2) * 1.2;
      char tmp[256];
      char *buf;
      int rc = TRUE;

      if ( len+2 > sizeof(tmp) )
	buf = PL_malloc(len+2);
      else
	buf = tmp;

      EXCEPTION_GUARDED({ LD->gmp.persistent++;
			  mpz_get_str(buf, radix, i->value.mpz);
			  LD->gmp.persistent--;
			},
			{ LD->gmp.persistent--;
			  rc = PL_rethrow();
			});
      if ( !rc )
	return NULL;

      if ( !smll && radix > 10 )
      { char *s;

	for(s=buf; *s; s++)
	  *s = toupper(*s);
      }

      if ( grouping || div > 0 )
      { int before = FALSE;			/* before decimal point */
	int gsize = 0;
	char *e = buf+strlen(buf)-1;

	while(e >= buf || div >= 0)
	{ if ( div-- == 0 && !before )
	  { if ( !isEmptyBuffer(out) )
	      lappend(locale->decimal_point, '.', out);
	    before = TRUE;
	    if ( grouping )
	      gsize = grouping[0];
	  }

	  addBuffer(out, *e, char);
	  e--;

	  if ( --gsize == 0 && e >= buf && *e != '-' )
	  { lappend(locale->thousands_sep, ',', out);
	    if ( grouping[1] == 0 )
	      gsize = grouping[0];
	    else if ( grouping[1] == CHAR_MAX )
	      gsize = 0;
	    else
	      gsize = *++grouping;
	  }
	}
	revert_string(baseBuffer(out, char), entriesBuffer(out, char));
      } else
      { addMultipleBuffer(out, buf, strlen(buf), char);
      }

      if ( buf != tmp )
	PL_free(buf);

      addBuffer(out, EOS, char);
      return baseBuffer(out, char);
    }
#endif /*O_BIGNUM*/
    default:
      assert(0);
      return NULL;
  }
}


static int
countGroups(const char *grouping, int len)
{ int groups = 0;
  int gsize = grouping[0];

  while(len>0)
  { len -= gsize;

    if ( len > 0 )
      groups++;

    if ( grouping[1] == 0 )
    { if ( len > 1 )
	groups += (len-1)/grouping[0];
      return groups;
    } else if ( grouping[1] == CHAR_MAX )
    { return groups;
    } else
    { gsize = *++grouping;
    }
  }

  return groups;
}


static int
ths_to_utf8(char *u8, const wchar_t *s, size_t len)
{ char *e = u8+len-7;

  for( ; u8<e && *s; s++)
    u8 = utf8_put_char(u8,*s);
  *u8 = EOS;

  return *s == 0;
}


static int
same_decimal_point(PL_locale *l1, PL_locale *l2)
{ if ( l1->decimal_point && l2->decimal_point &&
       wcscmp(l1->decimal_point, l2->decimal_point) == 0 )
    return TRUE;
  if ( !l1->decimal_point && !l2->decimal_point )
    return TRUE;

  return FALSE;
}


static int
utf8_dp(PL_locale *l, char *s, int *len)
{ if ( l->decimal_point )
  { if ( !ths_to_utf8(s, l->decimal_point, 20) )
      return FALSE;
    *len = (int)strlen(s);
  } else
  { *s++ = '.';
    *s = EOS;
    *len = 1;
  }

  return TRUE;
}


/* localizeDecimalPoint() replaces the decimal point as entered by the
   local sensitive print functions by the one in the specified locale.
   This is overly complicated. Needs more testing, in particular for
   locales with (in UTF-8) multibyte decimal points.
*/

static int
localizeDecimalPoint(PL_locale *locale, Buffer b)
{ if ( locale == GD->locale.default_locale ||
       same_decimal_point(GD->locale.default_locale, locale) )
    return TRUE;

  if ( locale->decimal_point && locale->decimal_point[0] )
  { char *s = baseBuffer(b, char);
    char *e;
    char dp[20];  int dplen;
    char ddp[20]; int ddplen;

    if ( !utf8_dp(locale, dp, &dplen) ||
	 !utf8_dp(GD->locale.default_locale, ddp, &ddplen) )
      return FALSE;

    if ( *s == '-' )
      s++;
    for(e=s; *e && isDigit(*e); e++)
      ;

    if ( strncmp(e, ddp, ddplen) == 0 )
    { if ( dplen == ddplen )
      { memcpy(e, dp, dplen);
      } else
      { char *ob = baseBuffer(b, char);
	if ( dplen > ddplen && !growBuffer(b, dplen-ddplen) )
	  return PL_no_memory();
	e += baseBuffer(b, char) - ob;

	memmove(&e[dplen-ddplen], e, strlen(e)+1);
	memcpy(e, dp, dplen);
      }
    }
  }

  return TRUE;
}


static int
groupDigits(PL_locale *locale, Buffer b)
{ if ( locale->thousands_sep && locale->thousands_sep[0] &&
       locale->grouping && locale->grouping[0] )
  { char *s = baseBuffer(b, char);
    char *e;
    int groups;

    if ( *s == '-' )
      s++;
    for(e=s; *e && isDigit(*e); e++)
      ;

    groups = countGroups(locale->grouping, (int)(e-s));

    if ( groups > 0 )
    { char *o;
      char *grouping = locale->grouping;
      int gsize = grouping[0];
      char ths[20];
      int thslen;

      if ( !ths_to_utf8(ths, locale->thousands_sep, sizeof(ths)) )
	return FALSE;
      thslen = (int)strlen(ths);

      if ( !growBuffer(b, thslen*groups) )
	return PL_no_memory();
      memmove(&e[groups*thslen], e, strlen(e)+1);

      e--;
      for(o=e+groups*thslen; e>=s; )
      { *o-- = *e--;
	if ( --gsize == 0 && e>=s )
	{ o -= thslen-1;
	  memcpy(o, ths, thslen);
	  o--;
	  if ( grouping[1] == 0 )
	    gsize = grouping[0];
	  else if ( grouping[1] == CHAR_MAX )
	    gsize = 0;
	  else
	    gsize = *++grouping;
	}
      }
    }
  }

  return TRUE;
}


/* - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
formatFloat(PL_locale *locale, int how, int arg, Number f, Buffer out)

formats a floating point  number  to  a   buffer.  `How'  is  the format
specifier ([eEfgG]), `arg' the argument.

MPZ/MPQ numbers printed using the format specifier `f' are written using
the following algorithm, courtesy of Jan Burse:

  Given: A rational n/m
  Seeked: The ration rounded to d fractional digits.
  Algorithm: Compute (n*10^d+m//2)//m, and place period at d.

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - */

static char *
formatFloat(PL_locale *locale, int how, int arg, Number f, Buffer out)
{ if ( arg == DEFAULT )
  { arg = 6;
  } else if ( arg < 0 )
  { GET_LD
    term_t a = PL_new_term_ref();
    PL_put_integer(a, arg);
    PL_error(NULL, 0, NULL, ERR_DOMAIN, ATOM_not_less_than_zero, a);
    return NULL;
  }

  switch(f->type)
  {
#ifdef O_GMP
    mpf_t mpf;
    mpz_t t1, t2;
    int neg;
    int exp;

    case V_MPZ:
    { switch(how)
      { case 'f':
	{ mpz_init(t1);
	  mpz_init(t2);
	  mpz_ui_pow_ui(t1, 10, arg);
	  mpz_mul(t1, f->value.mpz, t1);
	  neg = mpz_sgn(t1) < 0;
	  mpz_abs(t1, t1);
	  goto print_mpz_f;
	}
	case 'e':
	case 'E':
	{ mpz_init(t1);
	  mpz_init(t2);

	  mpz_set(t1, f->value.mpz);
	  neg = mpz_sgn(t1) < 0;
	  mpz_abs(t1, t1);

	  if ( mpz_sgn(t1) == 0 )
	  { exp = 0;
	  } else
	  { exp = mpz_sizeinbase(t1, 10)-1;  /* guess exponent */
	    mpz_ui_pow_ui(t2, 10, exp);
	    if (mpz_cmp(t2, t1) > 0) exp--;  /* correct exponent */

	    if (exp > arg)
	    { mpz_ui_pow_ui(t2, 10, (exp-arg-1));
	      mpz_tdiv_q(t1, t1, t2);
	      mpz_add_ui(t1, t1, 5);
	      mpz_tdiv_q_ui(t1, t1, 10);
	    } else
	    { mpz_ui_pow_ui(t2, 10, arg-exp);
	      mpz_mul(t1, t1, t2);
	    }
	  }
	  mpz_set_ui(t2, exp);
	  goto print_mpz_e;
	}
	case 'g':
	case 'G':
	{ mpf_init2(mpf, arg*4);
	  mpf_set_z(mpf, f->value.mpz);
	  goto print_mpf;
	}
      }
    }
    case V_MPQ:
    { char tmp[12];
      int size;
      int written;
      int fbits;
      int digits;
      int padding;

      switch(how)
      { case 'f':
	{ mpz_init(t1);
	  mpz_init(t2);
	  mpz_ui_pow_ui(t1, 10, arg);
	  mpz_mul(t1, mpq_numref(f->value.mpq), t1);
	  mpz_tdiv_q_ui(t2, mpq_denref(f->value.mpq), 2);
	  if (mpq_cmp_ui(f->value.mpq, 0, 1) < 0)
	  { mpz_sub(t1, t1, t2);
	    neg=1;
	  } else
	  { mpz_add(t1, t1, t2);
	    neg=0;
	  }
	  mpz_tdiv_q(t1, t1, mpq_denref(f->value.mpq));
	  mpz_abs(t1, t1);

	print_mpz_f:

	  if ( mpz_sgn(t1) != 0 )
	  { size = mpz_sizeinbase(t1, 2) * log(10)/log(2) * 1.2 + 1;
	    if ( !growBuffer(out, size) )
	    { PL_no_memory();
	      return NULL;
	    }
	    mpz_get_str(baseBuffer(out, char), 10, t1);
	    digits = written = strlen(baseBuffer(out, char));
	  } else
	  { written = digits = 0;
	  }
	  if ( digits <= arg )
	    padding = (arg-digits+1);
	  else
	    padding = 0;

	  size = digits;
	  if (neg) size++;               /* leading - */
	  if (arg) size++;               /* decimal point */
	  if (padding) size += padding;  /* leading '0's */
	  size++;                        /* NULL terminator */

	  if ( !growBuffer(out, size) )
	  { PL_no_memory();
	    return NULL;
	  }

	  if (!digits)
	  { memset(out->base, '\0', 1);
	  }

	  if (padding)
	  { memmove(out->base+padding, out->base, written+1);
	    memset(out->base, '0', padding);
	    written += padding;
	  }

	  if (arg)
	  { memmove(out->base+written-(arg-1), out->base+written-arg, arg+1);
	    if ( locale->decimal_point && locale->decimal_point[0] )
	      *(out->base+written-arg) = locale->decimal_point[0];
	    else
	      *(out->base+written-arg) = '.';
	    written++;
	  }

	  if (neg)
	  { memmove(out->base+1, out->base, written+1);
	    memset(out->base, '-', 1);
	    written++;
	  }

	  out->top = out->base + written;
	  mpz_clear(t1);
	  mpz_clear(t2);
	  break;
	}
	case 'e':
	case 'E':
	{ mpz_init(t1);
	  mpz_init(t2);

	  if (mpz_cmpabs(mpq_numref(f->value.mpq), mpq_denref(f->value.mpq)) >= 0)
	  { mpz_tdiv_q(t1, mpq_numref(f->value.mpq), mpq_denref(f->value.mpq));
	    exp = mpz_sizeinbase(t1, 10)-1;     /* guess exponent */
	    mpz_ui_pow_ui(t2, 10, exp);
	    if (mpz_cmpabs(t2, t1) > 0) exp--;  /* correct exponent */
	  } else
	  { mpq_t tq1, tq2;
	    mpq_init(tq1);
	    mpq_init(tq2);
	    mpz_set(t1, mpq_numref(f->value.mpq));
	    mpz_abs(t1, t1);
	    mpz_tdiv_q(t1, mpq_denref(f->value.mpq), t1);
	    exp = 0-mpz_sizeinbase(t1, 10);     /* guess exponent */
	    mpz_ui_pow_ui(t2, 10, abs(exp)-1);
	    mpq_set_z(tq1, t1);
	    mpq_inv(tq2, f->value.mpq);
	    if (mpz_cmpabs(t2, t1) == 0 && mpq_cmp(tq1, tq2)==0) exp++;
	    if (mpz_cmpabs(t2, t1) > 0) exp++;  /* correct exponent */
	    mpq_clear(tq1);
	    mpq_clear(tq2);
	  }

	  mpz_ui_pow_ui(t1, 10, abs(arg-exp));
	  if (mpz_cmpabs(mpq_numref(f->value.mpq), mpq_denref(f->value.mpq)) >= 0 && exp > arg)
	  { mpz_tdiv_q(t1, mpq_numref(f->value.mpq), t1);
	  } else
	  { mpz_mul(t1, mpq_numref(f->value.mpq), t1);
	  }
	  mpz_tdiv_q_ui(t2, mpq_denref(f->value.mpq), 2);
	  if ( mpq_sgn(f->value.mpq) < 0)
	  { mpz_sub(t1, t1, t2);
	    neg=1;
	  } else
	  { mpz_add(t1, t1, t2);
	    neg=0;
	  }
	  mpz_tdiv_q(t1, t1, mpq_denref(f->value.mpq));
	  mpz_abs(t1, t1);

	  mpz_ui_pow_ui(t2, 10, arg+1);
	  if (mpz_cmpabs(t2, t1) == 0)
	  { mpz_tdiv_q_ui(t1, t1, 10);
	    exp++;
	  }
	  mpz_set_ui(t2, abs(exp));

	print_mpz_e:

	  if ( mpz_sgn(t1) == 0 )
	    size = arg+7; /* reserve for 0.+e00<null> */
	  else
	    size = mpz_sizeinbase(t1, 10) + mpz_sizeinbase(t2, 10) + 6; /* reserve for -.e+0<null> */

	  if ( !growBuffer(out, size) )
	  { PL_no_memory();
	    return NULL;
	  }
	  written = gmp_snprintf(baseBuffer(out, char), size, "%Zd%c%+03d", t1, how, exp);

	  if ( mpz_sgn(t1) == 0 )
	  { memmove(out->base+arg, out->base, written+1);
	    memset(out->base, '0', arg);
	    written += arg;
	  }

	  if (arg)
	  { memmove(out->base+2, out->base+1, written+1);
	    if ( locale->decimal_point && locale->decimal_point[0] )
	      *(out->base+1) = locale->decimal_point[0];
	    else
	      *(out->base+1) = '.';
	    written++;
	  }

	  if (neg)
	  { memmove(out->base+1, out->base, written+1);
	    memset(out->base, '-', 1);
	    written++;
	  }

	  out->top = out->base + written;
	  mpz_clear(t1);
	  mpz_clear(t2);
	  return baseBuffer(out, char);
	}
	case 'g':
	case 'G':
	{ switch(how)
	  { case 'g':
	    case 'G':
	    { mpz_t iv;
	      mpz_init(iv);
	      mpz_set_q(iv, f->value.mpq);
	      fbits = (int)mpz_sizeinbase(iv, 2) + 4*arg;
	      mpz_clear(iv);
	      break;
	    }
	    default:
	      fbits = 4*arg;
	  }
	  mpf_init2(mpf, fbits);
	  mpf_set_q(mpf, f->value.mpq);

	print_mpf:
	  Ssprintf(tmp, "%%.%dF%c", arg, how);
	  size = 0;
	  written = arg+4;
	  while(written >= size)
	  { size = written+1;

	    if ( !growBuffer(out, size) )	/* reserve for -.e<null> */
	    { PL_no_memory();
	      return NULL;
	    }
	    written = gmp_snprintf(baseBuffer(out, char), size, tmp, mpf);
	  }
	  mpf_clear(mpf);
	  out->top = out->base + written;

	  break;
	}
      }
      break;
    }
#elif O_BF
  { mpz_t n;

    case V_MPZ:
      mpz_init(n);
      mpz_set(n, f->value.mpz);
      goto bf_print;
    case V_MPQ:
    { bf_flags_t flags;
      int upcase;
      limb_t prec = ((double)(arg+2) * log(10)/log(2));

      if ( how == 'f' )		/* we must compensate for the integer */
      { mpz_t i;
	mpz_init(i);
	mpz_set_q(i, f->value.mpq);
	prec += mpz_sizeinbase(i, 2);
	mpz_clear(i);
      }
      mpz_init(n);
      bf_div(n, mpq_numref(f->value.mpq), mpq_denref(f->value.mpq), prec, BF_RNDN);
    bf_print:
      upcase = FALSE;
      switch(how)
      { case 'f':
	  flags = BF_FTOA_FORMAT_FRAC;
	  break;
	case 'E':
	  upcase = TRUE;
	case 'e':
	  arg++;		/* LibBF counts total, we after . */
	  flags = BF_FTOA_FORCE_EXP|BF_FTOA_FORMAT_FIXED;
	  break;
	case 'G':
	  upcase = TRUE;
	case 'g':
	  flags = BF_FTOA_FORMAT_FREE;
	  break;
	default:
	  flags = 0;
	  assert(0);
      }
      size_t size;
      char *s = bf_ftoa(&size, n, 10, arg, BF_RNDN|BF_FTOA_PL_QUIRKS|flags);
      if ( !growBuffer(out, size+1) )
      { PL_no_memory();
	return NULL;
      }
      strcpy(baseBuffer(out, char), s);
      bf_free(n->ctx, s);
      if ( upcase )
      { char *exp = strchr(baseBuffer(out, char), 'e');
	if ( exp )
	  *exp = 'E';
      }
      mpz_clear(n);
      break;
    }
  }
#endif /* O_GMP OR O_BF */
    case V_INTEGER:
      promoteToFloatNumber(f);
      /*FALLTHROUGH*/
    case V_FLOAT:
    { char tmp[12];
      int written = arg+20;
      int size = 0;

      Ssprintf(tmp, "%%.%d%c", arg, how);
      while(written >= size)
      { size = written+1;

	if ( !growBuffer(out, size) )
	{ PL_no_memory();
	  return NULL;
	}
	written = snprintf(baseBuffer(out, char), size, tmp, f->value.f);
#ifdef __WINDOWS__
	if ( written < 0 )	/* pre-C99 Windows snprintf() returns -1 */
	  written = size*2;
#endif
      }

#ifdef __WINDOWS__
      /*
	 Write all ~e formatted floats in POSIX notation:
	 * exponent must contain at least 2 digits
	 * only as many digits as necessary to represent the exponent
      */
      switch(how)
      { case 'e':
	case 'E':
	case 'g':
	case 'G':
	{ if (written >= 7 &&
	      ( *(out->base + written - 5) == 'e' ||
		*(out->base + written - 5) == 'E' ) &&
	      ( *(out->base + written - 3) == '0' ))
	  { memmove(out->base + written-3, out->base + written-2, 3);
	    written--;
	  }
	}
      }
#endif

      out->top = out->base + written;

      break;
    }
    default:
      assert(0);
      return NULL;
  }

  if ( locale )
  { if ( !localizeDecimalPoint(locale, out) ||
	 !groupDigits(locale, out) )
      return NULL;
  }

  return baseBuffer(out, char);
}
